A pip is a price increment. What it costs you depends on your position size, the pair, and the currency your account is denominated in. This works out all three.
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One pip on one standard lot is worth about $10 for pairs quoted in US dollars, $1 on a mini lot and $0.10 on a micro lot. For pairs quoted in another currency the figure has to be converted, which is what changes the answer for yen pairs and crosses.
A pip ("percentage in point") is the standard smallest increment a currency pair is quoted in. For almost every pair it is the fourth decimal place: EUR/USD moving from 1.0850 to 1.0851 is a one-pip move. Japanese yen pairs are the exception, quoted to two decimals, so USD/JPY moving from 150.00 to 150.01 is also one pip.
Modern platforms show one more digit than that, the pipette or fractional pip. A quote of 1.08505 is 1.0850 and five pipettes. Spreads are frequently quoted in pipettes, which is why a "0.8 pip spread" can appear on your platform as 8.
The point of the unit is that it makes distances comparable. "The stop is 30 pips away" means the same thing on EUR/USD and GBP/USD, whereas "the stop is 0.0030 away" does not travel between instruments at all.
Pip value is the pip size multiplied by the number of units you hold:
Pip value (quote currency) = Pip size × Contract size × Lots
A standard lot is 100,000 units of the base currency. For EUR/USD that gives 0.0001 × 100,000 × 1 = 10, and because the pair is quoted in dollars the answer is $10 directly. For USD/JPY it gives 0.01 × 100,000 = 1,000. But that is 1,000 yen, and at 150.00 that is about $6.67.
This is the step people skip. The formula always produces a figure in the quote currency, the one on the right of the pair. Getting to your account currency needs one more conversion, and this calculator does it automatically whenever your account currency appears on either side of the pair.
For a US dollar account, at indicative prices:
| Instrument | Pip size | Standard lot | Mini lot | Micro lot |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EUR/USD, GBP/USD, AUD/USD, NZD/USD | 0.0001 | $10.00 | $1.00 | $0.10 |
| USD/JPY (at 150.00) | 0.01 | ≈ $6.67 | ≈ $0.67 | ≈ $0.07 |
| USD/CHF (at 0.8800) | 0.0001 | ≈ $11.36 | ≈ $1.14 | ≈ $0.11 |
| USD/CAD (at 1.3600) | 0.0001 | ≈ $7.35 | ≈ $0.74 | ≈ $0.07 |
| Gold XAU/USD | 0.10 | $10.00 | $1.00 | $0.10 |
Notice that for pairs where the dollar is the base currency, pip value moves with the exchange rate. That is why USD/CHF and USD/CAD are not $10, and why the figure changes over time.
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